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The Educational Process Of Education - 996 Words

THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS What is Education? Education is more than just a white or black board or a marker or chalk. Education is a process that deals with engaging the mind and spirit of students to think divergently, creatively and intellectually. Education is not a system but an organ used to stimulate conversations, improve skills and acquire mastery. Education is an investment is the future and life as a whole. Education is tool students can use to develop and find out who they help them live independently and adapt to the society. Imagine a class room where the teacher is just feeding the students with knowledge and not asking for their opinions. The students will be bored with no enthusiasm to learn. Paulo Freire talks about, â€Å"The ‘Banking Concept of Education†. He states, â€Å"Education thus becomes an act of depositing, in which the students are the depositories and the teacher is the depositor†. Emerole 2 Freire (1). He calls it the, â€Å"narration sickness†. 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The possible ways of reducing global differences in wealth Free Essays

The biggest drop in percent of population living on $1 or less occurs in East Asia and Pacific, this followed suit with the globalisation of the world, with TNCs spreading across continents. East Asia, china and India have seen the biggest influx of foreign direct aid and seen a massive expansion in their secondary sector. This has brought a surge of higher paying jobs and improved the livelihood of many. We will write a custom essay sample on The possible ways of reducing global differences in wealth or any similar topic only for you Order Now The global implications of this have created a different economic climate with increasing power shifting from America to Asia. The standard rich and poor divide is becoming increasingly blurry with many eastern Asian countries moulding the global future. The implications could be dangerous, though economically China is inspiring, socially and environmentally the country is still in the dark ages and with power shifting are say on human rights and environmental damage is becoming slowly quieter. Sub-Saharan Africa has shown little change in the percentage of population living on $1 or less. This contradicts the fact that aid has increased dramatically since 1981, showing that aid has little effect on long term success of a country. The poor inhabitants of Africa has allowed many multinational companies to take advantage of the low paying subsistence farming and have managed to shift control from them to the to TNCs. Cash cropping has become a common place in Africa, with a high dependency on the technology and capabilities of the MEDC companies. Eastern Europe and Central Asia have seen an increase in the percent ever since the 1990s, the breakdown of communism and caused a vacuum of development as Europe must spread into the global era. Being slow to take up globalisation the countries of Eastern Europe have seen an increase in poverty as the countries in East Asia and South Asia attract the sights of TNCs. b) With reference to specific examples evaluate the possible ways of reducing global differences in wealth. With connections between the rich and the poor becoming increasingly stronger in the global era, it is becoming increasingly harder to ignore our personal effects on the less fortunate. Ties created in a different social era have suppressed the development of the less economically developed countries. We have a responsibility to assess our impacts and create a suitable response if we are ever to progress to a world were boundaries no longer exist. The globalisation of the North and South divide has not allowed countries to exploit their potential but instead allowed the power countries to strengthen their hold over the poorer countries. Can we continue to chuck aid aimlessly at countries, increasing their dependence or must our strategies incorporate the social and environmental differences for their true independence? During the 1900s, many less economically developed countries took advantage of the economic stable environment that allowed small interest rates on loans. Seeing an easy solution to quick development, LEDCs blindly took many loans to fund their own economic and social environments, but the year of 1982 brought a sudden increase of world interest rates. The oil crises placed many poor countries into a spiral of unimaginable debt with the only solution being to take out more loans, only creating a short period of stability. So is the solution simply to cancel all debt the â€Å"forgive and forget† idea or will it create more problems than it is worth? Most poor countries own billions of pounds of debt, governments of these countries are forced to increase tax, sell of assets (land and resources cheaply) and are easily influenced by the powerful countries. Tourism is one of the biggest industries in the world, and with a set of wealthy countries with wealthy inhabitants wanting to see the warm and different sections of the world; it poses a great asset that many LEDCs can exploit. The individual and unique locations that many LEDCs own means that tourism could offer a possible solution to the wealthy divide. But a hidden danger lies in this so called silver bullet. Many LEDCs see the opportunity of tourism, but the exploitation of this has placed most of the inhabitants of the hot country feeling subjugated. Vietnam is a classical example of a naturally beautiful country with high amounts of debt, its unique social lifestyle and unspoiled countryside has attracted many people. Unfortunately the government has placed too much emphasis on tourism and society has felt the re-precautions. With wealthy westerners and their bulging wallets, the Vietnamese government has done what it can to part the people with their money. This includes selling land in rural areas used as farming for subsistence farmers to build hotels and tourist attractions. Forcing people out of their villages to create a fake village aimed solely at selling souvenirs and creating money thus creating social hostility as age old traditions are placed on hold for the welcoming of the westerners. In one case in a small village called Hanoi, a small battle took place as builders fought with the locals for a section of land destined for a supermarket. Even though tourism is a possible source of money and if tapped properly can benefit Vietnam, the reality is often less fair. Most money made by tourism is often injected back into tourism, many used for infrastructure and amenities is designed for westerners. Supermarkets and hotels are unlikely to benefit the locals with most jobs not going to local population, even if tourism has a positive effect on the locals, they are often highly dependent on the tourists seasons and good weather. Many resorts in Vietnam are owned and controlled by TNCs, removing the major economic benefits to their base countries often in the MEDCs. Tourism is a powerful industry but as seen in Vietnam can often just be an extension of the western world, the original purpose of advancing the country through careful exploitation of their country can often create hostility or great dependence on the wealth of the MEDCs. If the countries are ever going to develop they can’t solely base their economic status on the money of the powerful ones. Aid is seen by many people and governments as simply helping the poor, but the fact is giving aid is more complex than is expected. Aid is identified as the transfer of resources encouraging economic growth in developing countries, but simply saying we are giving money to LEDCs doesn’t make it aid. Foreign aid is aid given by more economically developed countries and must fit the criteria of not giving commercial benefits for the donor country, but most aid has strings attached. For example the British government has funded many projects in LEDCs including Malaysia’s Pergau hydro-electric dam scheme. i234 million pounds was given as conditional aid to Malaysia but soon came out that in conjunction Malaysia was signed to numerous million pounds defence contracts. Short term aid and charitable organisations should also ways be welcome. Emergency aid is essential for any country both MEDC and LEDC and charitable organisations is specialised aid that is appropriate for many countries while pumping aid into infrastructure that is widely inappropriate for the peoples social and economic development will again only create another dependency. Fair trade is an old idea, but only in recent years has become more prominent as consumer demands change to recent awareness of poverty. It is a simple idea that doesn’t require huge funds into countries and aims to level the playing field of the trading game. In Ethiopia, banana prices were at a 50 year low and with a continuous increase in banana production it was set to further decrease. Essentially producers were competing with other local producers unaware the rare deal they have. Ethiopia has a wealth of resources and the fractured banana industry has only allowed TNCs and countries to exploit the fragile industry, placing the producers with little power to negotiate. This is where fair trade bananas took hold. By joining numerous producers together offering increased profit and not reducing quality, they are given more power over the export business. Fair trade offers consumers a moral choice, though more expensive than supermarket brands it hasn’t dampened the fair trade business. Fair trade works simply because it doesn’t rely on funding; it relies on creating a sustainable and suitable environment for primary industry to flourish. MEDCs do rely heavily on LEDCs and their primary production, but simply bulling and controlling the world market has lead to an uninspiring industry. The key word is sustainable development of industry, unlike foreign aid which can fluctuate and sometimes doesn’t directly go to the people who need it, fair trade is aimed at the most poverty stricken societies. The future of the world depends on the united front of all the countries, if we are ever going to be able to progress as a society we have a responsibility to breakdown the invisible walls that separate us. This can’t be done by taking pity or forcing our help on to them we must create a global climate for them to grow and develop without being constricted by the politics and greediness of the power countries. The simple fact is most LEDCs have the capabilities and resources to remove themselves from poverty, and given the chance will be able to. Though our responsibility in their future should be little, we must object to political terrorism and dictators and even our dictatorial control. Most LEDCs should develop without the influences of the western world; they are individual countries that should exploit the needs of the western world. The less economically developed countries must stand on their own two feet, without the pillars of the MEDC telling them were to stand. 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Corporate Governance and Directors †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Directors. Answer: Introduction Good corporate governance in Australia prominently supports a board which is independent in nature, specifically with regards the companies which are listed in the ASX. As per the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations 1, more than 50 percent of the members in the board should not be dependent or related in any way. If the board thinks that it would not follow the said recommendation, then it will have to state the reason behind the said decision[1]. The theory which talks behind the said statement is that the directors should not be prejudiced by anybody or such linkages in any manner which would intervene with the implementation of their imaginative and autonomous judgement. As directors of IPO Insurance Limited, both Peter and Jane are legally bound and accountable to the company under the common law, fiduciary duties and statute law. There responsibility comprises of performing the duties in such a manner so as to ensure that there does not exist any conflict of interest, they perform their duties with care and diligence and for a purpose which is best suited for the health of the company and last but not the least, to use the position they hold and data they possess in a proper manner. Although a board can very well have a mix of executive and non-executive directors as there lies no such proof that a board with independent directors will only perform to the best interest of the company[2]. Executive directors are to perform dual functions, one of a senior executive such as CFO and the other of a board member. In the eyes of law, even if they are employees of a company on a full time basis yet they have to comply with the basic duties and responsibilities entrusted on the directors. The same is a common phenomena in companies which are listed in the stock exchange or even those whose scale of operations are large[3]. The role of an executive director and so that of Peter was a confusing one. The board of directors is a committee which is appointed to work in a manner which would be in the best interest of the shareholders. Generally, it is the CEO who is a part of the executive team of the board but there may be times when the CFO is also appointed as one. Further to this, there are certain duties of being a part of the board which are not apt for an executive director to perform, such as a CFO serving on the audit committee. In Australia, an executive director holds a fiduciary duty towards the company. As per Section 181(1) of the Corporations Act 2001, a director is expected to perform his duties in good faith which is best for the health of the company. Thus Peter should perform his duties as an executive director with due care and diligence, honestly and must not mis-utilize the power of his position as a CFO[4]. As per the court case of Vines, the CFO who is also acting as an executive director, is expected to elevate issues for discussion with the board[5]. Last but not the least, it is the duty of a director to ensure that the financial records are maintained adequately and all the transactions are recorded transparently and correctly, else it would lead to contravention of the Corporations Act 2001. As per the Corporations Act 2001, a non-executive director is a person who is not an employee of the company. However, a non-executive director is not similar to an independent director as the latter not even has any relations with the company but for being a director unlike the former. But even then some of the basic duties which govern the executive directors, does govern the non-executive directors as well. The UKs Higgs Review details non-executive directors as custodians of the governance process.[6] The main elements of the role and responsibility of a non-executive director includes development of strategy for the proposals, monitoring of the performance of the management as to how successful it has been in meeting up with the aims and objectives of the corporation and how honest is the financial information being disclosed in the statements. A non-executive director also is generally a part of various other sub-committees such as Jane being a part of the audit committee. Further as per the Listing Rule 12.7, an audit committee further should only comprise of directors who are not executive in nature[7]. Thus Jane is rightly appointed to be a part of the audit committee. As is understood from above, both the executive and non-executive director i.e. Peter and Jane have breached their duty of care to IPO while adopting the 2016 financial report due to which their share prices suffered and so the shareholders also had to face a huge loss. First and foremost, Peter being a CFO of IPO cannot be a part of the audit committee, although his appointment as an executive director is right. Holding of a position which one is not permitted to is in contravention of the Act[8]. Further, Peter being into the operations of the management has an additional duty to ensure that the books of accounts reveals the correct information, but Belinda the assessor who is also related to Peter does not disclose the actual claims which the company has to meet towards the flood loss. Peter also agreed to the same so as to give a rosy picture which would help in the merger with BMP. Thus Peter in this case has breached his duty of care and diligence towards the shareholders of IP O. He has not performed his functions which would best fit the purpose of the company by hiding the main data which would show the true picture of the profitability[9]. Secondly, being a non-executive director, Jane should have at least acted independently and not accept the financial information. Neither has any provisioning been done nor has the claims management been accounted for properly in the financials. Jane although had raised an eyebrow when the financials were presented, yet the same was endorsed by Jane. He ultimately believed Peter without probing into the matter. Thus being a non-executive director, Jane failed to exercise due care and diligence while agreeing to whatever Peter had to present in the financial report. Until and unless proper evidences were checked, Jane should not have accepted the same even if it was agreed upon by other directors. By not qualifying his opinion to the financial report presented by Peter, Jane as a non-executive director breached his duty of care by not acting successfully as a custodian to the governance process[10]. Bibliography Corporations Act (2001) (Cth) Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations, (2nd ed), ASX Corporate Governance Council, Sydney, 2010 Directors - What are my duties as a director? Australian Securities and Investment Commission https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/insolvency/insolvency-for-directors/directors-what-are-my-duties-as-a-director/#3 Flint, Geoffrey, Non-Executive Directors General Law Duty of Care and Delegation of Duty: But do we need a Common Law Duty of Care? (1997) 9Bond Law Review196 https://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132context=blr Higgs D, Review of the Role and Effectivenss of Non-Executive Directors, Department of Trade and Industry, London, 2003, p 11. Lester, Tim and Joanna Yoon,Corporate governance and directors' duties in Australia: overview(January 1, 2017) https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/1-502-9743?transitionType=DefaultcontextData=(sc.Default)firstPage=truebhcp=1 R Baxt,Duties and Responsibilities management of Directors and Officers(20th ed), Australian Institute of Company Directors, Sydney, 2012 Role of non-Executive directors(2016) https://www.companydirectors.com.au/~/media/cd2/resources/director-resources/director-tools/pdf/05446-1-11-mem-director-tools-bc-non-executive-directors_a4_web.ashx General Duties of Directors(January 2013) Australian Institute of Company Directors https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/resources/all-sectors/roles-duties-and-responsibilities/general-duties-of-directors Vines was the CFO and executive director of GIO Group. See(2003) 48 ACSR 291for the judgment and[2007] NSWCA 75for the April 2007 decision in the NSW Court of Appeal.